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The outline of subjects presented in the MATH 2000' program which presents the background behind the underlying ideas taught in college and graduate school math, engineering, science and business courses.
Program Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS

This table of contents shows the topics presented in this math course.

Preface   xiii

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Applied Mathematics
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Prologue To Chapter 1 1

    INTRODUCTION  1

    Why is it Important to Learn Mathematics?   1

    Mathematics is a Tool That Helps Us Understand What is Already Here       6

    What is the Suggested Method for Learning
    Mathematics?  9

    A Notable Amount of Mathematics Was Developed     Because of a Need     to Understand Wave Motion    12

    Isaac Newton    14

    The Bernoulli Family    16

    Jean Le Rond d'Alembert    18


CHAPTER 1 - Introduction To Applied Mathematics     21
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    1.0  Why Do We Study Waves?    21

    1.1  What Caused People to Become Interested in the Study     of     Waves?     23

    1.2  The Formation of Waves    26

    A LOOK INTO THE FORMATION OF WATER WAVES                               28

    1.3  The theory of Oscillation    30

    Max Planck    32

    A. H. Compton    33

    Louis deBroglie    34

    1.4  Why Does a Wave Travel Away From the Point of         Disturbance?   35

    1.5  Frequency, Wavelength and Period

    1.6  The Relationship between Velocity, Frequency and         Wavelength - FREQUENCY DEPENDS ON VELOCITY    42

    Chapter Review    45

    Glossary of Terms    46    

    Written Assignments    52

    Problems    53


CHAPTER 2
Theory of Waves
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Prologue to Chapter 2    55

    INTRODUCTION    55

    How Does a Stretched String Produce a Musical Tone?                                                    55            
                                         
CHAPTER 2 - Theory of Waves  60
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    2.0  The Boundary Value Problem   60

    2.1  Stationary Waves    63


    How to Determine the Frequencies at Which a String Will Vibrate -     ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST NATURAL WAVELENGTH    68

    ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND NATURAL WAVELENGTH                                     70

    ANALYSIS OF THE THIRD NATURAL WAVELENGTH                                70

    2.2  Representing a Wave by a Corresponding
    Mathematical Relation - A SINE-CURVE IS A             REPRESENTATION OF A CIRCULAR MOTION   75

    2.3  The Definition of a Sine-Curve    77

    2.4  A Point On The Circumference Of A Circle And The Vertex     Of A Triangle Contacting That Point Are Isomorphic    85

    Chapter Review    86

    Glossary Of Terms    89

    Written Assignments    91

    Problems    93









CHAPTER 3  
The Trigonometric Functions
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Prologue to CHAPTER 3  97


CHAPTER 3 - The Trigonometric Functions    101
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    3.0  Definitions of the Trigonometric Functions    101

    THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM    106

    3.1  Why are the Trigonometric Functions Important?                                           108

    What Is The Purpose Of Solving A Triangle?   109

    3.2  The Law of Sines - A Formula For Solving Triangles     That     Are Not Right Triangles    112

    3.3  Application of Trigonometry to the Solution of         Practical Problems  117

    THE VECTOR    117

    3.4  Application of the Method of Resolution of a Vector     to     Solving Practical Problems  123

    Using Trigonometry for Solving Problems Involving Electric Fields        126

    3.5  The Area of an Obtuse Triangle    131

    3.6  The Law of Cosines    134

    Chapter Review    137

    Glossary of Terms    138

    Written Assignments    141

    Problems    142




CHAPTER 4
SYMBOLIZING THE FORM AND MOTION OF A WAVE MATHEMATICALLY


Prologue to Chapter 4    145


CHAPTER 4 - Symbolizing The Form And Motion Of A Wave Mathematically   151
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    4.0  Representing A Waveform In Terms Of The Distance     It     Traverses   151

    Representing a Wave By Means Of A Sine Function   151

    4.1  Measuring A Sine-Wave In Terms Of Circular     Degrees    154

    4.2  The Radian System Of Circular Measurement    155

    4.3  Circular Motion    159

    4.4  Angular Motion    161

    4.5  Measuring the Velocity of an Object Moving Around a Circle    163

    THE RADIAN SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT             SIMPLIFIES WORKING WITH CIRCULAR MOTION         PROBLEMS    164

    4.6  The Equation of a Sine-Wave in Terms of Distance                            167

    DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION    167

    4.7  Representing A Wave In Terms Of Time    173

    DESCRIBING A WAVE IN TERMS OF TIME   174

    4.8  Representing A Wave In Terms Of Distance And Time    180

    4.9  Calculating Wave Motion at a Location that is Shifted from the     Origin    181

    4.10  A Wave Equation Involving the Propagation     Constant, k    188

    4.11  Interpreting Simple Sine and Cosine Equations 193

    4.12  Equations of the Form y = A Sin (x + p) and y = A Cos (x - p) 201

    Chapter Review    205

    Glossary of Terms    207

    Written Assignments    209

    Problems    210




CHAPTER 5
UNDERSTANDING  TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
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Prologue to CHAPTER 5    213


CHAPTER 5 - Understanding Trigonometric Identities   217  
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    5.0  TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES    217

    5.1  A Trigonometric Identity Derived From The Pythagorean     Theorem    218

    5.2  Trigonometric Identities That Relate The Sum And         Difference Of Two Angles   224

    5.3  Some Insights Into The Trigonometric identities That     Relate     The Sum And Difference Of Two Angles    226

    Chapter Review    230
    Writing Assignments    231

    Problems    232




CHAPTER 6
THE SUPERPOSITION AND PRODUCT OF
WAVES                                     
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Prologue to CHAPTER 6    233


CHAPTER 6 - THE SUPERPOSITION AND PRODUCT OF WAVES                              237
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    6.0  The Principle Of Superposition And The Product Of Waves  237

    6.1  Trigonometric Identities Involving The Sum And Difference Of     Two Angles   238

    6.2  Trigonometric Identities Involving the Product of Sines and     Cosines    248

    6.3  INTERPRETATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES     INVOLVING THE SUM, DIFFERENCE AND PRODUCT OF     SINES     AND COSINES    253

    THE FUNCTION OF A FUNCTION    253
    THE FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP - A Connection Between an     Action and the Result of the Action    255

    Modulation and Functions    258

    Modulation of a Sine-Curve by x2    263

    Chapter Review    265

    Glossary of Terms    269
    
    Writing Assignments    271

    Problems    273




CHAPTER 7
PRELIMINARIES TO UNDERSTANDING THE
WAVE EQUATION
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Prologue To CHAPTER 7   275


CHAPTER 7 - PRELIMINARIES TO UNDERSTANDING THE WAVE EQUATION   279



    ON CALCULATING THE PACE OR RATE OF CHANGE
    OF A FUNCTION    279

    7.1  Representing The Rate Of Change Of A Function     With A Derivative    279

    7.2  Finding The Equation For The Slope Of A Function                                 285

    7.3  Finding Derivatives    287

    7.4  The Power Rule For Derivatives    289

    SOLVING A PROBLEM USING IMPLICIT
      DIFFERENTIATION    296

    7.5  The Antiderivative (INTEGRAL)  305

    7.6  PARTIAL DERIVATIVES    313

    7.7  Partial Derivatives Of Higher Order    317

    7.8  The Total Differential    321

    7.9  The Differential For A Function With Several     Variables    326

    CHAPTER REVIEW    335

    WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS    337

    PROBLEMS    338